A geothermal system has three connected parts: the ground loop, the heat exchanger inside the heat pump unit, and the indoor air handler or radiant distribution. The ground loop is a closed circuit of polyethylene pipe buried in the ground, either in horizontal trenches across the yard or in vertical bores drilled straight down. Seattle’s ground temperatures stay relatively stable year-round, which means the loop has a consistent heat source to draw from in winter and a consistent place to reject heat in summer. An antifreeze solution circulates through the loop, picking up or depositing heat before passing through the heat exchanger inside the unit.
The heat pump unit sits indoors and uses a refrigerant circuit, compressor, heat exchanger, and reversing valve, to concentrate the heat from the loop fluid and deliver it to the home. In heating mode, the system extracts low-grade heat from the ground and upgrades it to a temperature the distribution system can use. In cooling mode, the process reverses: heat from inside the home is transferred into the ground loop. One system handles both functions, which means a geothermal install replaces a furnace and an air conditioner at the same time. A desuperheater can also recover waste heat from the refrigerant cycle to pre-heat domestic hot water.
For an older Seattle home, the install process starts with a site assessment: the installer reviews the lot dimensions, soil conditions, and the home’s heating and cooling load before any loop field is designed. Lot size and soil conductivity determine whether horizontal trenching or vertical drilling is the right approach, vertical bores are common in Seattle’s residential neighborhoods where yard space is limited. The installer then integrates the heat pump with the existing ductwork or, where ducts are absent or undersized, with a radiant or mini-split distribution system. Startup and commissioning confirm the system is operating at the designed capacity before the installer hands over.